Rumah_UnikId

 Mohandas Gandhi has become the strongest symbol of non-violence in the 20th century. It is widely held – in retrospect – that the Indian national leader should have been the very man to be selected for the Nobel Peace Prize. He was nominated several times, but was never awarded the prize. Why? Gandhi was nominated in 1937, 1938, 1939, 1947 and, finally, a few days before he was murdered in January 1948. The omission has been publicly regretted by later members of the Nobel Committee; when the Dalai Lama was awarded the Peace Prize in 1989, the chairman of the committee said that this was "in part a tribute to the memory of Mahatma Gandhi". However, the committee has never commented on the speculations as to why Gandhi was not awarded the prize, and until recently the sources which might shed some light on the matter were unavailable. Up to 1960, the Nobel Peace Prize was awarded almost exclusively to Europeans and Americans. In retrospect, the horizon of the Norwegian Nobel

  Paper bills were first used by the Chinese, who started carrying folding money during the Tang Dynasty (A.D. 618-907) mostly in the form of privately issued bills of credit or exchange notes and used for more than 500 years before the practice began to catch on in Europe in the 17th century.   While it took another century or two for paper money to spread to the rest of the world, China was already going through a fairly advanced financial crisis: the production of paper notes had grown until their value plummeted, prompting inflation to soar. As a result, China eliminated paper money in 1455 and wouldn't adopt it again for several hundred years. Another not-so-well-known fact: the word cash was originally used to describe the type of round bronze coins with square holes commonly used in the Tang Dynasty, called kai-yuans. Source: https://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1914560_1914558_1914593,00.html

  Hawai‘i Loa, or Ke Kowa i Hawai‘i, was one of the four children of Aniani Ka Lani. The other three were Ki, who settled in Tahiti, Kana Loa, who settled the Marquesas, and Laa-Kapu. The ocean was called Kai Holo-o-ka-I‘a (Ocean where the fish run). Only two islands existed and both were discovered and settled by Hawai‘i Loa. The first he named Hawai‘i after himself; the second Maui, after his eldest son. (The other islands were created by volcanoes during and after the time of Hawai‘i Loa. Hawai‘i Loa and his brothers were born on the east coast of land called Ka ‘Aina kai melemele a Kane (the land of the yellow or handsome sea of Kane). Hawai‘i Loa was a distinguished man and noted for his fishing excursions which would occupy months, sometimes the whole year, during which time he would roam about the ocean in his big canoe (wa‘a), called also an “island” (moku), with his crew and his officers and navigators (poe ho‘okele and kilo-hoku). One time when they had been at sea for a long

  Bullfighting is one of the most popular and controversial customs in Spain. Every year in the summer, people flock by the thousands to see a bullfighter (matador) wave his red cape (muleta) in front of a snorting bull. The bull sees the flaming, arrogant red color and charge angrily towards it.  Bulls don’t get agitated by the color red. In fact, there is very little evidence for any color aggravating bulls into causing damage. Bulls, like other ungulates (animals with hooves), have dichromatic vision. But this dichromatic vision doesn’t say much about how bulls distinguish color. Many experiments have been carried out looking at how bulls perceive and distinguish color. These experiments have noted that bulls can differentiate between different colors but none of them have conclusively associated the color red with aggression. It’s not the color, but rather the movement of the cape and the bullfighter that makes bulls so angry. Moreover, the bulls used in bullfights are from a very

  The earliest diamonds were found in India in the 4th century BC, although the youngest of these deposits were formed 900 million years ago. A majority of these early stones were transported along with the network of trade routes that connected India and China, commonly known as the Silk Road. At the time of their discovery, diamonds were valued because of their strength and brilliance and for their ability to refract light and engrave metal. Diamonds were worn as adornments, used as cutting tools, served as a talisman to ward off evil, and were believed to protect in battle. In the Dark Ages, diamonds were also used as medical aid and were thought to cure illness and heal wounds when ingested. Surprisingly, diamonds share some common characteristics with coal. Both are composed of the most common substance on earth: carbon. What makes diamonds different from coal is the way the carbon atoms are arranged and how the carbon is formed. Diamonds are created when carbon is subjected to th

  From September 1960 until October 1962, Rogozov worked in Antarctica, in his role as the sole doctor for a team of thirteen researchers at the Novolazarevskaya Station, established in January 1961. On the morning of 29 April 1961, Rogozov experienced general weakness, nausea, and moderate fever, and later pain in the lower right portion of his abdomen. None of the possible conservative treatments helped. By 30 April signs of localized peritonitis became apparent, and his condition worsened considerably by the evening. Mirny, the nearest Soviet research station, was more than 1,600 km (1,000 mi) from Novolazarevskaya. Antarctic research stations of other countries did not have aircraft available. Severe blizzard conditions prevented aircraft from landing in any case. Rogozov had no option but to perform an operation on himself. The operation started at 02:00 local time on 1 May with the help of a driver and meteorologist, who provided instruments and held a mirror so Rogozov could obs

  While adult giraffes usually sleep standing up, baby giraffes will get a bit more comfortable. They hunker down on the ground and take advantage of their extra-flexible necks, twisting around to plop their noggins on their own behinds. It doesn't look especially comfortable, but it sure does look cute!

  The blobfish hovers above the seabed, meaning they live in some of the deepest parts of the ocean. Due to the pressure down there, the gelatinous body mass of the fish is given structure. The high pressure at such depths allows them to look like regular fish. However, when they are brought to the surface, and the pressure drops, they appear droopy. Their body mass isn’t supported, and they appear like a blob. This is because they have no skeleton and very little muscle. The pressure at the seabed is around 120 times higher than on land, meaning they are held into shape.

  The largest spider in the world by leg span is the giant huntsman spider coming in at 12 inches. It does not build a spiderweb to catch its prey. Instead, it hunts its prey down. While you can see huntsman spiders at many different worldwide locations, the giant huntsman arthropod only lives in caves in Laos. This arthropod discovered in 2001 has crablike legs with twisted joints, so they move like a crab. This arthropod typically lives under decaying wood. When it spots its prey, it can move up to 3 feet in a second. These spiders have an elaborate mating ritual. Then, the female lays up to 200 eggs in a sack-like cocoon that she guards fiercely. After three weeks, when it is time for the spiderlings to hatch, she will help tear the cocoon open. She may stay with the spiderlings for several weeks.

  If you know about velociraptors from Jurassic Park, then this may come as quite a surprise. While scientists have been able to figure out that these vicious hunters used to have feathers, the question of how feathered they were is still unanswered. It’s possible that they just had tufts of feathers on their arms, head, or possibly all over!

  The Japanese spider crab is a species of marine crab that is native to the waters around Japan. It is the largest crab in the world, with a leg span that can reach up to 3.8 meters (12.5 feet) and a weight of up to 19 kilograms (42 pounds). These crabs are known for their long, spindly legs and delicate, spider-like appearance. They are typically found at depths of 50 to 300 meters (160 to 980 feet) and prefer to live in areas with rocky bottoms and plenty of algae to eat.  The Japanese spider crab is considered a delicacy in Japan and is often served in high-end restaurants. However, due to overfishing, the Japanese spider crab is now considered a vulnerable species and is protected by Japanese law.

  Titanoboa is an extinct genus of snakes that lived approximately 60 to 58 million years ago, during the Paleocene epoch. It is known from fossil remains found in northern South America, and is believed to have been the largest snake that has ever lived, with some specimens estimated to have reached lengths of up to 13 meters (43 feet) and weighed up to 1,135 kg (2,500 pounds). Here are some interesting facts about Titanoboa: The name 'Titanoboa' means 'titanic boa,' and is a reference to the snake's size, which was much larger than any living species of boa. Titanoboa was a carnivorous snake, and is thought to have preyed on large mammals and reptiles, such as crocodiles and giant turtles. The snake's body was heavily muscled, with a broad, flat head and short, sharp teeth. Titanoboa lived in a tropical rainforest environment, and is thought to have been a semi-aquatic species, spending much of its time in or near water. Scientists believe that Titanoboa may h

Mysteries of Area 51  Area 51 is one of the strangest places in the world. Stories about flying saucers, and extraterrestrial creatures are quite commonly attached to this area. Located in the middle of Nevada, your dreams take flight into something bizarre here at Area 51. It has quite amazingly managed to create a subculture, and there are people who are dedicated believers of all things outworldly that have to do with this place. UFO buffs can sometimes have some outlandish theories, bordering conspiracy, and we have heard them all. Other than the conspiracies, here are some facts that will give you goosebumps for sure.  1) The infamous interview of 1989    Robert Lazar shot to global fame with an interview he had given with a Las Vegas radio station. Robert or Bob Lazar claims that he worked at Area 51, and that he knows for sure all about its clandestine extraterrestrial activities. He claimed it to be a place where the extraterrestrial is studied and, in fact, the area, according

  The Book of Soyga, also known as “Aldaraia,” is a 16th-century book that is all about magic, astrology, incantations, and demonology. The author of the book is unknown, but it was first acquired by a scholar, John Dee, in the early 1580s while he worked as an advisor to Queen Elizabeth I. Dee spent his entire life trying to decipher the book’s secrets. The majority of the book was written in regular Latin, which was easy to read. It contained several paragraphs describing conjurations, confusing magical formulas, protection spells, and hierarchies of angels and demons. In the end, Dee was never able to decipher the last 36 pages of the Book of Soyga, which contained 36 tables. The book was lost after his death in 1609. The book was rediscovered in 1994 in two different locations, one in the British Library and another in the Bodleian Library. However, the mystery of the Book of Soyga persists. Who wrote it? What do those 36 tables and their magical words mean? No one knows.

Everyone dreams, although some people may not remember their dreams. Dreams can be vivid and highly imaginative, or they can be more mundane and realistic. Dreams usually occur during the rapid eye movement (REM) stage of sleep, which usually occurs about 90 minutes after falling asleep. Dreams can last anywhere from a few minutes to a few hours. Dreams can be influenced by a person's thoughts, feelings, and experiences. Some people experience lucid dreaming, in which they are aware that they are dreaming and may be able to control the dream. Dreams can sometimes be a source of insight and creativity, and they have been studied by psychologists and other researchers as a way to better understand the human mind. Some people believe that dreams have symbolic meanings and can be interpreted as messages from the unconscious mind. There is no definitive explanation for why we dream, but there are many theories about the purpose of dreams, including that they help us process and consolid

  The British Hedgehog Preservation Society won a campaign in 2006 to force McDonald's to redesign their McFlurry cups due to hedgehogs repeatedly getting stuck in them and dying.  __ An obscure British animal-rights group has persuaded one of the world's biggest companies to come to the aid of the humble hedgehog. The British Hedgehogs The Preservation Society has campaigned for years to get mighty McDonald's Corp. to redesign its McFlurry dessert containers, which acts somewhat like a lobster trap: Once the spiny mammal sticks its head into the hole in the top of the cup, it gets stuck and can't get out again. McDonald's U.K. said that after "significant research and testing," it had designed a McFlurry cup with an opening so small that the hedgehog cannot insert its head, and therefore cannot get stuck. "The smaller aperture of the lid has been designed to prevent hedgehogs from entering the McFlurry container in the unfortunate incident that a lid

  Even though numerous animal species shed tears, emotional crying is a uniquely human activity. Regardless of the reason behind it, many people believe that expressing one's emotions in this way can be both cathartic and healthy. In Japan, entrepreneur Hiroki Terai has even adopted this belief as a business strategy. He is the founder of a group crying service that encourages people to cry together while a "handsome weeping boy" wipes their tears away. Known as rui-katsu or "tear-seeking" the practice is especially popular with women and is said to relieve stress levels. For those in Western societies, this crying practice might seem unorthodox perhaps even downright strange. But for many cultures around the world, showing sadness or anger is considered taboo, and the rites of passage into manhood dictate that emotions must be suppressed, even obliterated. In fact, the Japanese are among the least likely to cry out of 37 nationalities polled by the Internationa

  The marathon is a long-distance race with an official distance of 42,195 kilometers (approximately 26 miles 385 yards), usually run as a road race. The event was instituted in commemoration of the fabled run of the Greek soldier Pheidippides, a messenger from the Battle of Marathon to Athens, who reported the victory. The marathon can be completed by running or with a run/walk strategy. There are also wheelchair divisions. The marathon was one of the original modern Olympic events in 1896, though the distance did not become standardized until 1921. More than 800 marathons are held throughout the world each year, with the vast majority of competitors being recreational athletes, as larger marathons can have tens of thousands of participants. The name Marath on comes from the legend of Philippides (or Pheidippides), the Greek messenger. The legend states that he was sent from the battlefield of the Marathon to Athens to announce that the Persians had been defeated in the Battle of Mara

  Children have little to no say in how they are going to be raised in life. ldentical twins Jack Yufe and Oskar Stöhr, who were split up and lived completely separate lives from the age of six months, are the perfect example to illustrate this. They were born in Port of Spain, Trinidad, on January 16, 1933 – the same year that Adolf Hitler came to power in Germany. Their parents parted ways half a year after the twins' birth, each taking one child. From this point, their upbringing would be markedly different, most significantly their experiences of how the ensuing war shaped the world around them. Jack remained in Trinidad, at that time a British colony, with his Romanian Jewish father. With a Royal Navy Fleet Air Arm station on their island and U-boats lurking in the waters surrounding them, for Trinidad, the war was on the doorstep despite being far from the front lines. A U.S. Naval Base was established on the island in 1941. Their German Catholic mother returned to her homela

  From a distance, it's hard at first to determine what Santa Cruz del Islote actually is. Rising from the sea, the island, one of the most densely populated globally, appears to be floating. Legend has it that fishermen from the nearby islands spent the night on Santa Cruz and decided to stay there permanently when they realized there were no mosquito ice. Locals attribute the mosquito-free environment to the absence of mangroves and beaches. Santa Cruz isn't a traditional island retreat. There's nowhere for visitors to stay. Tourists often spend the night at their neighbors Punta Faro hotel on Mucura Island and travel to Santa Cruz by speed boat to explore for a few hours. It's like stepping into a Gabriel Garcia Marquez novels. Santa Cruz features a dreamlike, innocent way of life (there are no police on the island), and the colorful houses are passed down through generations, so there are no non-native residents. Some estimates put about 1,200 inhabitants on the tin